Stormwater Management

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Planning and implementing integrated waste water collection and treatment systems is one of the major environmental concerns confronting cities in developing countries and countries in transition. Many cities have been constructing sewers, but few are equipped with treatment facilities. Sewerage facilities are also utilized to transport stormwater runoff during a storm. Cities with limited ground permeability due to artificial surface coverage are vulnerable to flooding unless proper stormwater discharge measures are materialized. Stormwater discharge system has to be considered when planning urban sewage system. The magnitude of stormwater runoff pollution has proved to be substantial and thus proper measure should be taken into account as well.

This theme also includes resources on drainage systems: Management of water drainage into water bodies - rivers, lakes, watersheds or the oceans itself - has significant implications on water pollution, sedimentation, flood control and other issues. Drainage systems (in a broad system of the term, man-made and natural) both affects and is affected by a number of interconnected short-term and long-term issues.

SANICON: Stormwater Management and Urban Drainage in Developing Countries (Resource)
In the cities of the developing world, it is the urban poor who are affected the most by problems related to poor drainage. Poor communities often inhabit low value marginal land which is prone to flooding or on steep-sided hillsides and therefore unattractive for development. Includes links to publications, web sites and mailing lists.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/topicintro.php3?topicId=5#top

UNEP-IETC: Framework for Wastewater and Stormwater Management (Document)
Technology and technology selection, though very important, cannot be detached from other equally important factors for its successful implementation. A framework is required that considers the concept of integrated waste management, the cross cutting issues and involvement of all the stakeholders.
Part 1: http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Focus/Framework_for_WSM.asp

Part 2: http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Focus/watermanage/water1.asp

UNEP-IETC: Guidance on Municipal Wastewater (Document)
In this document, wastewater and stormwater characteristics are described to set the context for technologies that need to be used to manage the pollutants they contain.
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/freshwater/sb_summary/index.asp

IWMI: A New Perspective on Drainage (Short note)
In recent years drainage has somehow been landed with the image of an expensive solution to bad irrigation practice. It has also become associated with serious evils, such as drained wetlands and uncontrolled saline effluent disposal. Partly this is due to the fact that unlike many other fields of water management drainage has remained almost exclusively in the civil engineering realm.
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/dialogue_html/Activities/KickOffMeeting/pdf/Drainage.pdf

SANICON: Stormwater Management and Urban Drainage in Developing Countries (Topic abstract)
In the cities of the developing world, it is the urban poor who are affected the most by problems related to poor drainage. Poor communities often inhabit low value marginal land which is prone to flooding or on steep-sided hillsides and therefore unattractive for development. Includes links to publications, web sites and mailing lists.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/topicintro.php3?topicId=5#top

SANICON: Surface Water Drainage for Low-income Communities (Book)
An illustrated practical and technical guide to the design, construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of surface water drainage systems in low-income urban areas. Noting that drainage often figures first on the list of felt needs among the residents of such areas, the book concentrates on the many “do-it-yourself” measures that communities can undertake to construct a simple, effective, low-cost drainage system or to rehabilitate an existing system that has fallen into disrepair.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/title.php3?titleno=245

SANICON: Sustainable urban drainage systems (Website)
Sustainable use of resources will be essential in the new millennium. In particular there is a need to strike a balance between the management of floods, surface water drainage and the need to conserve natural resources. One factor in achieving this is the widespread use of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). SUDS are designed to manage surface water runoff in a more sustainable way than traditional drainage systems.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/title.php3?titleno=535

SANICON: Windows Based Drainage Design Software (Software)
Based on the Rational Formula and Manning Equation, DDSoft determines the size and bed slope of drainage channel or storm sewer. The program works with channels of four different shapes (i.e. vertical curb, triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal), and one sewer shape (i.e. circular). The output is on screen, and also can be printed out as hard copy or saved as ASCII file.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/title.php3?titleno=626

SANICON: Modelling Drainage Performance In Slums Of Developing Countries: How Good Is Good Enough? (Publication)
A model for the dual drainage system in a flat 20 hectare slum in Indore, India was developed to evaluate the factors which influence drainage performance. Performance was defined by the depth, extent, duration, and frequency of flooding during the 1994 monsoon. This paper reports on the conceptual problem of model validation, particularly for “flooding” or “not flooding”.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/title.php3?titleno=236

GWP: International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (Programme info)
IPTRID is an internationally funded programme aimed at promoting technology and research in irrigation and drainage in and by developing countries. The Programme is hosted and managed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
http://www.fao.org/iptrid

Part 2: http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Focus/watermanage/water1.asp

UNEP-IETC: Stormwater run-off (Document)
Stormwater is produced from house roofs, paved areas and from roads during rainfall events. In addition stormwater is produced from the catchment of a stream or river upstream of the community settlement. The amount of stormwater is therefore related to the amount of rainfall precipitation, and the nature of surfaces, with impervious surfaces producing more run-off.
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/focus/watermanage/water2.asp

UNEP-IETC: Guidance on Municipal Wastewater (Publication)
In this document, wastewater and stormwater characteristics are described to set the context for technologies that need to be used to manage the pollutants they contain.
http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/freshwater/sb_summary/index.asp

SANICON: Developing Successful Runoff Control Programs For Urbanized Areas (Publication)
This manual defines the institutional and programmatic issues that are crucial to the success of runoff control programs in already urbanized or urbanizing areas. These nontechnical factors are often decisive in determining the effectiveness and success of such programs.
http://www.sanicon.net/titles/title.php3?titleno=550